Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that primarily functions as a bacteriostatic agent, although it can be bactericidal at high concentrations. It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, preventing the formation of peptide bonds necessary for protein synthesis. This mechanism is reversible and affects both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including anaerobes. Chloramphenicol is particularly effective against organisms such as Salmonella typhi, Haemophilus influenzae, and Rickettsia species.
Chloramphenicol capsules are used to treat a variety of serious bacterial infections when other antibiotics are not suitable due to resistance or toxicity. Key applications include:
The dosage of chloramphenicol capsules varies based on the type and severity of the infection, as well as the patient's age and weight. General guidelines include:
Chloramphenicol capsules should be stored at room temperature, typically between 15°C and 30°C (59°F to 86°F). Keep the capsules in a dry place, protected from light and moisture. Always store the medication out of reach of children to prevent accidental ingestion.
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